February 2025

Energy:Thermal power

By |2025-02-12T09:28:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hwange Thermal Power Station. Image credit businessdaily.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Thermal power

  • In thermal power production, fuel is used to heat water in huge boilers, converting this water into steam.
  • The steam at high pressure and through pipes, is directed to turbines.
  • The pressure turns the turbines […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

By |2025-02-12T08:59:51+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Natural gas flame

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

 Advantages

  • Has a high energy output.
  • Cleaner and efficient.
  • Easy to mine and transport
  • Cheap
  • Can power vehicles.
  • Has other industrial uses.

Disadvantages

  • Environmentally unfriendly through pollution especially of air.
  • Very […]
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Case Study:Oil in Nigeria

By |2025-02-12T08:58:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Oil drilling on the Niger Delta. Image credit worldofmatter.net

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Exploitation of Natural Resources: Case Study:Oil in Nigeria

  • Nigeria is the largest producer of oil in Africa. This sweet oil is similar in composition to petroleum extracted from the North Sea.
  •  There are six petroleum exportation terminals in […]
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Indigenous commercial forests

By |2025-02-12T09:39:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Chirinda Forest in Chimanimani. Image credit afrikascout.de

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Commercial timber resources:Indigenous commercial forests

  • Commercial timber resources in Zimbabwe can be divided into two classes, namely: indigenous tropical hardwoods and the exotic plantations.
    1. The indigenous tropical hardwoods like the Zimbabwean teak, mahogany and mukwa.
    2. The exotic […]
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Natural Resources: Water shortages

By |2025-02-12T09:24:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A boy carrying water during 2016 water shortage in Zimbabwe. Image credit ibtimes.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Water:Water shortages

Water supply shortages both at household and national level could be reduced by:

  • Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient, available water resources to meet water needs within a region.

    • […]

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Ocean and Sea fishing

By |2025-02-12T09:11:23+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

 

Horse Mackerel. Image credit sites.google.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Fishing:Sea fishing

  • The coastal areas of southern-central Africa stretching from Tanzania, through Mozambique, South Africa, Namibia, Angola and DRC is home to several marine species including fish.
  • Fish resources are concentrated within the narrow continental shelf, a few kilometres […]
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Thermal Power: Locational Factors

By |2025-02-12T09:34:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cooling towers. Hwange Thermal. Image credit esi-africa.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Thermal Power: Location Factors

Fuel source

  • Thermal power stations cab be located at the fuel source.
  • This is if the fuel is difficult to transport.
  • For example Hwange Thermal Power station is located at the coal fields.
  • The […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy

By |2025-02-12T09:00:19+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nuclear Power Plant. Image credit drug-alcoholtesting.co.uk

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy

Advantages

  • Very long lifespan as half-life of most radioactive substances is about 4 000 years.
  • Has very high energy output.
  • Very efficient energy source.
  • Relatively clean if […]
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Oil in Nigeria:Benefits, drawbacks, problems of oil extraction

By |2025-02-12T09:00:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An oil spill in Nigeria. Image credit huffingtonpost.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Oil in Nigeria:Problems of oil extraction

The following are problem associated with oil extractions:

  • Hot humid equatorial climate is associated with high incidence of environmental diseases.
  • High temperatures reduce the capability of to work.
  • Slippery and unstable […]
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Exotic commercial forests

By |2025-02-12T09:40:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Pine tree forest. Image credit nyobain.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Forestry in Zimbabwe: Exotic commercial forests

  • These are extensive forest areas planted with imported tree varieties like pine, wattle and eucalyptus.
  • These forests are mainly found in the Eastern Highlands where there was less competition with crop farming […]
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