February 2025

Geothermal power: Locational factors

By |2025-02-12T09:35:41+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A geothermal station in Iceland. Image credit ucsusa.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Geothermal power locational factors

  • Geothermal power can only be generated in areas of active volcanicity.
  • These areas are known as geothermal hotspots.
  • These are zones where volcanic activity underground makes rocks hot and these rocks […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity

By |2025-02-12T09:01:03+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A micro-hydroelectric power station. Image credit abc.net.au

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydroelectricity

Advantages

  • Renewable energy source.
  • Cheap to maintain as water-transports itself to plants.
  • Very clean energy source.
  • Easy to use.
  • Very versatile, that is many uses.
  • Large lakes are multi-purpose can also be […]
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Rehabilitation of mine areas.

By |2025-02-12T09:01:33+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A rehabilitated Zinc mine in Australia. Image credit abc.net.au

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:Mining:Rehabilitation of mine areas

  • Land rehabilitation is the process of returning the land in a given area to some degree of its former state, after some process (industry, natural disasters, etc.) has resulted in its damage.

    • […]

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World forest resources:Tropical forests

By |2025-02-12T09:40:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An aerial view of a tropical rainforest. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:World forest resources:Tropical forests

  • The world’s forests can be divided into three broad classes.
  • These are tropical, temperate deciduous forests and coniferous forests.

Tropical forests

  • These are lowland and low latitude luxuriant forests.
  • They comprise tropical rain forests […]
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Natural Resources: Water quality

By |2025-02-12T09:25:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Water Quality is important. Image credit goinggreenrecyclingnigeria.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Water: Water quality

The quality of water can be improved by:

  • Improving water treatment techniques.
  • Improving sanitation at household level.
  • Treating sewage before discharging it in streams and rivers.
  • Recycling industrial waste.
  • Use of bio-degradable chemicals in the […]
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Problems faced by the ocean and sea fishing industry

By |2025-02-12T09:12:49+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fishing using mosquito nets along the coast of Tanzania. Image credit nytimes.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing: Problems faced by sea fishing industry

  • The sea fishing industry in Southern Africa faces a number of problems which include the following.

Over-exploitation of marine resources particularly fish.

  • Fishing has increasingly become […]
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Nuclear power: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:36:17+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Koeberg Nuclear Power Station South Africa. Image credit melkbos.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Nuclear power

  • Nuclear power production is similar to thermal power production in a number of ways.
  • Both require a fuel to heat water and convert it to steam.
  • However, in the case of nuclear power, […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of wood as a source of energy

By |2025-02-12T09:01:34+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Burning wood. Image credit villagenews.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of wood/crop residue/cow dung  as a source of energy

Advantages

  • Renewable energy sources.
  • Cheap or free in rural areas.
  • Easily accessible where forests or woodlands/crops/animals exist.
  • Tsotso stoves conserve live trees.
  • Technology very cheap and readily […]
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Conservation of mineral resources

By |2025-02-12T09:01:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A pile of metal awaiting recycling. Image credit earth911.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:Conservation of mineral resources

  • Conservation of resources is the ethical use and protection of valuable resources, such as trees, minerals, wildlife, water and others.
  • It focuses on maintaining the natural world in order to protect the […]
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Deforestation in tropical rainforests

By |2025-02-12T09:41:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Deforestation in a Tropical Rainforest. Image credit .worldwildlife.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Natural Resources:Tropical deforestation

  • Deforestation in tropical rain forests is mainly a result of the need to meet local and external needs.
  • Local needs are generally basic and include the following:
  • Agriculture- population pressures and rural poverty forces people to […]
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