February 2025

Pipelines

By |2025-02-12T09:33:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Pipeline under construction. Image credit MediaWiki Pipeline under construction. Image credit MediaWiki ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Pipeline

Advantages

  • They are very efficient
  • They are cheap once the installation has been completed.
  • They can carry fluids in bulk.

Disadvantages

  • They are immobile i.e the route cannot be changed once they are installed.
  • Can only carry fluids […]
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Introduction and importance of population studies

By |2025-02-12T08:56:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A child holding a clinic card. Image credit BBC A child holding a clinic card. Image credit BBC ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population:Introduction and importance of population studies

  • Population studies is the scientific study of human populations
  • It entails the study of:
  1. population numbers
  2. Their growth and decline
  3. deaths
  4. births

    5. […]

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Migration: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:19:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Forced Migration. Image credit UNHCR

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: Introduction

  • Migration is the permanent or semi-permanent movement of people from one area to another, one country to another or one continent to another.
  • This involves the change of residence
  • There are several ways to classify migrations and these are:
    1. In terms […]
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Farming types in Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:03:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A subsistence farmer. Image credit agricnation.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Introduction

  • Zimbabwe and in a larger sense Africa are endowed with such a wide diversity of environmental conditions and cultures.
  • This was enhanced as a result of it being colonized by different European countries for over a century.

    • […]

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Plantation (estate) farming

By |2025-02-12T09:39:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A tea estate. Image credit blogspot.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Plantation (estate) farming

  • This is the large-scale production, usually of one crop on a large piece of land called an estate, for an extended period of time.
  • The crop grown here may be perennial, that is, grown […]
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Types of industry:Tertiary/Service Industry and Quaternary Industries

By |2025-02-12T09:04:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Rainbow Towers Hotel Harare.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Industrial Studies: Types of industry:Tertiary/Service Industry and Quaternary Industries

Tertiary or service industries

  • These industries provide back-up services to primary and secondary industries so that their functioning becomes easier.
  • Examples include administration, retailing, transport and distribution, power supplies, health, education and housing.
  • These industries […]
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Railways, ports and inland waterways

By |2025-02-12T09:16:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Ferry on Lake Malawi. Image credit seabreezes.co.im

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Railways, ports and inland waterways

  • Africa’s transport network is the least development in the world for various reason.
  • The continent has some of the world’s poorest nations with very low Gross Domestic Products (GDPs), Gross National Products […]
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Resource Exploitation:Mining

By |2025-02-12T09:27:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Open cast mining. Image credit mutapamining.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Resource Exploitation:Mining: Types of Mining

OPEN CAST AND STRIPPING (SURFACE METHODS)

  • The open cast method is used when mineral deposits occur in horizontal seams which are near the surface not more than 50 meters deep.
  • This method involves blasting which is carried […]
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Acacia Savanna Woodlands

By |2025-02-12T09:20:32+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Umbrella/Acacia Tree. Image credit afktravel.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Zimbabwean Forests: Acacia Savanna Woodlands

  • Acacia trees are also known as umbrella trees due their shape and also the fact that they are usually surrounded by islands of grass often providing the only shade for a distance
  • This type […]
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Human Geography: Hydrological cycle

By |2025-02-12T09:12:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The hydrological cycle. Image credit physicalgeography.net

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Natural Resources: Water: Hydrological cycle

  • If you are looking for the Hydrological Cycle explanation from Physical Geography please click/tap here.
  • The water cycle replenishes the world’s water resources through rain.
  • Hydro means water.
  • Rain water flows into streams and rivers […]
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