geography notes Archives - Page 12 of 21 - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

Commercial farming in Zimbabwe

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:31:36+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Commercial Farm in Zimbabwe.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Commercial farming in Zimbabwe

Inputs

Land– ranges from 500 to 100 000 ha.
Rainfall– water for irrigation comes from rivers, dams, lakes or aquifers.
Capital– comes from banks or other farmers.
Labour– this comes from the farmers himself, skilled and […]

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Problems faced by ZISCO

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:14:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The now defunct ZISCO steel. Image credit Newsday.co.zw

ZISCO Steel ceased operations in 2016

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Iron and Steel Industry:Problems faced by ZISCO

Old machinery – ZISCO has 4 blast furnaces of which only Blast Furnace No. 3 has been operating at near capacity.
The others due to […]

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Introduction to trade

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:36:39+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Flow of goods and services in trade. Image credit uwaterloo.ca

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Trade:Introduction

Trade, or commerce, involves the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money.
It can also be defined as the flow of commodities and services from producers […]

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Oil in Nigeria:Benefits, drawbacks, problems of oil extraction

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:00:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An oil spill in Nigeria. Image credit huffingtonpost.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Oil in Nigeria:Problems of oil extraction

The following are problem associated with oil extractions:

Hot humid equatorial climate is associated with high incidence of environmental diseases.
High temperatures reduce the capability of to work.
Slippery and unstable […]

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World forest resources:Tropical forests

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:40:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An aerial view of a tropical rainforest. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:World forest resources:Tropical forests

The world’s forests can be divided into three broad classes.
These are tropical, temperate deciduous forests and coniferous forests.

Tropical forests

These are lowland and low latitude luxuriant forests.
They comprise tropical rain forests […]

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Fishing:Natural lakes

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:33:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Inland water fishing in Zambia. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing: Fishing:Natural lakes

Fresh water lakes are mainly found in Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia.
Zimbabwe does not have natural lakes, all are man-made.
Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania and Lake Malawi are the largest and deepest rift […]

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Fish conservation at sea level

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:19:34+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fish drying. Image credit irinnews.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:Fishing:Fish conservation at sea level

Sustainable use of fish resources is necessary in order to meet present and future needs.
The following have been adapted by SADC countries to ensure sustainability of the fishing industry.
Quota system. Countries like South […]

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Small scale energy sources and plants:Biogas plant

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:44:21+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Biogas Digestor in rural Zimbabwe. Image credit climatetracker.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Small scale energy sources and plants:Biogas plant

To install a bio-gas plant, a pit is dug underground near to the kitchen the depth of which is determined by the size of the plant the family wants […]

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Transport: Bicycles, carts and Rickshaws

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:27:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A rickshaw. Image credit MediaWiki ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Draught Power

Advantages

cheap
clean
versatile
simple and available technology which makes them easy to manufacture and repair
Usually they do not require route permits

Disadvantages

They only carry a limited amount of goods/people
Can cause traffic congestion or make it worse.
They can […]

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Hoyt’s Sector model (1939)

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:01:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hoyt's sector model. Image credit MediaWiki Hoyt’s sector model. Image credit MediaWiki ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Settlements: Hoyt’s Sector model (1939)

February 2025