February 2025

Tobacco farming in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:32:19+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Tobacco farmers selling their produce at TSF.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Tobacco farming in Zimbabwe

Growing conditions and growing area

  • This accounts for 30 % of the country forex earnings and 12% of GDP.
  • It employs over 300 000 people.
  • Region 2 major growing area.
  • Rainfall 700-1000 mm […]
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Industrial Relocation

By |2025-02-12T09:31:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Relocation can lead to ghost towns. Image credit weebly.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Industrial studies: Industrial Relocation

  • This is a situation where an industry which had been established in one area has to shift and locate in a new different area.
  • This may even involve trans-border location.
  • The industry has […]
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Trade between developing and developed nations

By |2025-02-12T09:37:14+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Tobacco is Zimbabwe’s top export product.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Trade:Trade between developing and developed nations

  • Developing countries export mostly raw materials to developed countries and the volume of trade among developing countries is generally low.
  • Developing countries have the highest proportion of the world’ population and their economies are […]
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Effects of mining on the environment

By |2025-02-12T09:01:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Gullying as a result of panning. Image credit Reuters

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources Impact of mining on the environment

  • Deforestation and erosion as large areas are cleared when surface methods of mining are used.
  • Frequency of open quarries, trenches and pits may cause land degradation.
  • Infrastructure development which include the […]
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Deforestation in tropical rainforests

By |2025-02-12T09:41:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Deforestation in a Tropical Rainforest. Image credit .worldwildlife.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Natural Resources:Tropical deforestation

  • Deforestation in tropical rain forests is mainly a result of the need to meet local and external needs.
  • Local needs are generally basic and include the following:
  • Agriculture- population pressures and rural poverty forces people to […]
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Fishing in Malawi

By |2025-02-12T09:34:41+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fishing in Malawi. Image credit originaltravel.co.uk

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing: Fishing in Malawi

  • Malawi is one of the most important inland fish producers in the SADC region.
  • Malawi has been given the responsibility to co-ordinate inland fisheries, forestry and wildlife within the SADC region.
  • Malawi’s fisheries include […]
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Fish processing and marketing

By |2025-02-12T09:19:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Processing fish by drying them. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Fish processing and marketing

  • Most of the fish are sold fresh at the fishing ports and major urban areas in the region.
  • Use of refrigerated facilities has become increasingly important.
  • Some fresh fish are transported into […]
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Small scale energy sources and plants:Solar energy

By |2025-02-12T09:44:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Photo-voltaic power plant. Image credit oorjasolar.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Small scale energy sources and plants:Solar energy

  • Solar energy is converted into electrical energy in two ways
  • The first is through the use of solar panels
  • These are also known as photo voltaic power plants for reasons […]
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Harris and Ullman’s Multi-nuclei model (1945)

By |2025-02-12T09:02:11+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Multi-nuclei model. Image credit MediaWiki The Multi-nuclei model. Image credit MediaWiki ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Settlements: Harris and Ullman’s Multi-nuclei model (1945)

They made their study well after the other two models had been published and thus had the benefit of hindsight and cities had since grown in size.

Findings

  • They […]
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