February 2025

Pipeline Transport in Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:17:23+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Pipeline transport in Africa. Image credit thevillager.com.na

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Pipeline Transport in Africa

  • Whereas pipeline transport is very highly developed in advanced countries such as Germany and Canada and in oil-producing Middle East countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran and Iraq, this mode of transport is very […]
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Resource Exploitation:Mining in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:28:24+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Chiadzwa Diamond Mine. Image credit mining.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:Resource Exploitation, Mining in Zimbabwe

  • Zimbabwe has a wide mineral resource base which is exploited commercially.
  • Large scale mining is dominated by foreign transnational companies such as Anglo-American, Rio Tinto and Ashanti Gold Fields.
  • The majority of the local […]
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Zimbabwe’s forests: Mountain forest and grassland

By |2025-02-12T09:20:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Bananas and other crops have replaced natural vegetation in some areas. Image credit zadt.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Zimbabwe’s forests: Mountain forest and grassland

  • This is found in the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe.
  • Temperature are generally below 20°C while rainfall is over 1 500 mm.
  • The altitude is generally above 1 […]
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Sources of fresh water

By |2025-02-12T09:13:00+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

There are various sources of fresh water

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Water: Sources of fresh water

  • Supplies of fresh water can be examined at a local level or at a national/international level.
  • Local supply sources at family or village level are usually small-scale, cheap schemes that can be […]
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Aquaculture and its advantages and disadvantages

By |2025-02-12T09:09:21+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fishing in an aquaculture pond. Image credit irinnews.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Advantages and disadvantages of aquaculture

  • the rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food
  • It is practiced in ponds, rivers, dams, lakes or even oceans
  • It is also known as aquafarming
  • The […]
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The siting and production of hydro-electric power: Rivers and Space

By |2025-02-12T09:28:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Zambezi River and the Victoria Falls. Image credit thesafarisource.com/

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The siting and production of hydro-electric power

Large perennial rivers

  • These are also important and necessary for establishing HEP stations.
  • These ensure a constant supply of a large volume of water required.
  • When the rivers […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

By |2025-02-12T08:59:51+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Natural gas flame

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

 Advantages

  • Has a high energy output.
  • Cleaner and efficient.
  • Easy to mine and transport
  • Cheap
  • Can power vehicles.
  • Has other industrial uses.

Disadvantages

  • Environmentally unfriendly through pollution especially of air.
  • Very […]
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Factors influencing the siting and location of settlements

By |2025-02-12T09:36:12+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A village of a hill image credit audleytravel.com A village of a hill image credit audleytravel.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population and Settlement:Factors influencing the siting and location of settlements

  • Several factors influence the location of settlements
  • These can be divided into four:
  • historical factors
  • accessibility
  • availability of resources; and
  • human preferences and available technology

Historical […]

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Advantages and Disadvantages of a Population Census

By |2025-02-12T08:58:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A census in progress. Image credit times.co.za A census in progress. Image credit timeslive.co.za ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population:Advantages and Disadvantages of a Population Census

  • Like most things a population census has both its merits and demirits

Advantages

  • It is the most accurate count of a country’s population on which official planning […]
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Internal Migrations

By |2025-02-12T09:20:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Commuters are part of internal migrations

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: Internal Migrations

  • These are migrations within the same country for example from Masvingo to Harare
  • For example in Zimbabwe people move from one area to another for varying durations of time
  • The table below shows some common push and pull […]
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