January 2023

European Powers that scrambled for Africa

By |2022-09-15T12:36:42+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A map showing the results of the Scramble for Africa. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Scramble and Partition of Southern Africa: European Powers that scrambled for Africa

  • These are the countries which participated in the scramble and colonization of Africa:
  • Portugal
  • Britain
  • Italy
  • Germany

    • […]

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Economic Factors that led to the Scramble and Partition of Africa

By |2022-09-15T12:36:36+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A map of colonial Africa

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:Economic Factors that led to the Scramble and Partition for Africa

  • New industrialists needed raw materials for their industries which were readily available in Africa
  • The raw materials included rubber, timber, gold, cotton among others
  • The discovery of […]
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Political and Social factors that led to the scramble for Africa

By |2022-09-15T12:36:37+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Colonial Africa

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:Political and Social factors that led to the scramble for Africa

  • Nationalism or patriotism was an important political factor that led to the colonization of Africa.
  • Nationalism can simply be defined as the placing of one’s country above others
  • France had […]
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Conditions in Africa that led to colonisation

By |2022-09-15T12:36:38+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A map of Africa before partition

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:Conditions in Africa that led to colonisation

  • Explorers and adventurers had produced reports of economic potential in Africa invited many European countries to rush to acquire colonies
  • Traders operating in Africa called upon their mother governments to […]
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The Berlin Conference

By |2022-09-15T12:36:38+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Otto von Bismarck. Image credit famouspeople.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:The Berlin Conference

  • The Berlin colonial conference took place from 1884-1885
  • This is not to be confused with the Congress of Berlin(1878) or the Postdam conference of 1945
  • It was called for by the German […]
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Effects of the Berlin Conference

By |2022-09-15T12:36:37+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Berlin Conference 1884

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:Effects of the Berlin Conference

Negative Effects

  • It partitioned/divided Africa among European nations.
  • 90 % of African countries lost their independence to European nations. Liberia and Ethiopia remained free
  • It led to the suffering of Africans as they were abused by colonial […]
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