February 2025

Geographical organisation structure

By |2025-02-12T09:07:17+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Geographical based organisational structure

  • This is when an organisations divisions, operations, duties and positions are based geographical area, country, regions, provinces, towns or districts
  • Usually there is a Head Quarters to which all the subdivisions and their related personnel report to
  • The head quarters administers […]
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Employment contract

By |2025-02-12T09:22:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: Employment contract

  • A contract is a voluntary, deliberate, and legally binding agreement between two or more competent parties
  • An employment contract is such a contract between an employer and employee
  • When there is a successful candidate is selected he or she is offered a contract of employment

    • […]

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Market segmentation

By |2025-02-12T09:41:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Market segmentation

  • this is the process of dividing/dis-aggregating the market into discrete/distinct groups(segments) of customers based on a variety of criteria
  • Here the word market refers to the total sum of all of a firm’s customers/consumers
  • The words customer and consumer after often used interchangeably in business
  • Consumer- is the end user […]
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Advantages and disadvantages of cost based pricing methods

By |2025-02-12T09:15:27+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Advantages and disadvantages of cost based pricing methods

  • Cost based pricing models have some benefits and drawbacks

Advantages

  • It is easy to understand and calculate the price
  • These pricing models make sure that incurred costs are covered
  • They can be helpful and do simplify investment appraisal decisions for example using required rate of […]
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Cash flow introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:36:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Cash Flow Introduction

  • Cash flow is defined as the movement of cash into and out of the business
  • Cash flowing into the business is called cash inflow
  • Conversely cash flowing out is called cash out flow
  • In accounting terms cash flow is viewed as the difference between the amount […]
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Business Studies: The uses and limitations/weaknesses of break even analysis

By |2025-02-12T09:26:59+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Break even analysis: The uses and limitations/weaknesses of break even analysis

  • Break even analysis has it’s strengths and weaknesses

Advantages/Uses/Strengths of Break even analysis

  • Break even analysis is an important investment appraisal option as it allows management to quickly asses the viability of a proposition
  • Margin of safety calculations are […]
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Matrix organisation structure

By |2025-02-12T09:08:33+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

An example of a matrix based organisational structure

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Matrix organisational structure

  • Is an organisational structure where subordinates have more than one reporting line i.e. some individuals report to more than one superior.
  • It is also known as the hybrid organisational structure as it incorporates […]
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Induction Training/Orientation

By |2025-02-12T09:24:13+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: Induction Training/Orientation

  • This is also known as induction training
  • It is a process of introducing a new employee to the organisation and
  • Introducing the organisation to the new employee
  • It is considered a form of training
  • Induction is important as it:
    1. Ensures the employee is integrated as […]
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