February 2025

Business Studies: Ratio Analysis: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T08:55:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Ratio Analysis: Introduction

  • Businesses record financial transactions as part of the finance and accounting function
  • This financial information is presented in the form of financial statements also known as final accounts at the end of each year/trading period
  • This information is used by various stakeholders of the business to make […]
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Business Studies: Aiding and protecting the employee

By |2025-02-12T09:35:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Aiding and influencing the business:Aiding and protecting the employee

  • Employees are quite vulnerable in a number of ways
  • This is especially true during times when unemployment is high as is the case in Zimbabwe
  • High unemployment erodes the bargaining power of employees leaving them at the mercy of employers
  • There are therefore laws […]
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Stakeholders of the Business

By |2025-02-12T09:15:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

Every business has several stakeholders Every business has several stakeholders. Image credit modernservantleader.com ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Stakeholders of the Business

  • Many people are involved in running a business.
  • Some have direct interest while others have indirect interest in the running of the business.
  • These individuals or groups are known as […]
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Visual Communication

By |2025-02-12T09:16:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Visual Communication Image credit dmcmedicalgroup.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Visual Communication

  • is the expression of information and ideas using visual aids or aids
  • it includes body language and gestures
  • it may also include the use of  photographs, charts, graphs, and diagrams to enforce or demonstrate ideas or data.
  • The use […]
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Trade Unions and Businesses: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:10:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Trade Unions and Businesses: Introduction

  • these are organisations of employees who have come together for a common purpose
  • trade unions are formed by employees with a shared interest
  • The main function of trade unions is collective bargaining on behalf of employees
  • Collective bargaining refers to the process of negotiation between employers(management)
  • and […]
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Off the job training

By |2025-02-12T09:30:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: Training: Off the job training

  • This is when instruction and training are provided away or outside the work environment
  • There are a number of off the job training methods including:
  • Lessons and lectures-this is the traditional method of training that takes place in Universities, Colleges and schools
  • Case […]
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Promotion: Advertising

By |2025-02-12T09:08:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Packaging

  • To advertise is to describe or draw attention to (a product, service, or event) in a public medium in order to promote sales or attendance
  • Advertising involves the use of various media to relay promotion messages
  • It is non-personal and directed towards large  numbers of people (mass communication)
  • It uses media […]
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Supply and Demand (Market Forces)

By |2025-02-12T09:25:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Production: Supply and Demand (Market Forces)

  • In a free market economy the forces of supply and demand determine the price at which a product is sold
  • These two forces: supply and demand are also known as market forces
  • They are used to determine the price at which customers are willing to purchase […]
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Business Studies: Profitability Ratios

By |2025-02-12T09:00:21+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Ratio Analysis:Profitability Ratios

  • These measures indicate how well a business is performing in terms of its ability to generate profit
  • The ratios relate profits to sales and assets
  • There are three commonly used ratios:
  • Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
  • Profit Margin and
  • Profit Markup

Return on Capital Employed

  • Is normally […]
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