February 2025

Chemical Reactions

By |2025-02-12T09:19:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Chemical Reactions

Introduction to reactions

  • A compound is formed when a chemical reaction takes place
  • Chemical change takes place to form the compound
  • Word equations can be used as a short hand way to show what has happened
  • An example of a chemical equation is:
  • \text{iron + sulpher}\rightarrow \text{iron sulphide}
  • As already […]
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The reaction of metals with dilute acids

By |2025-02-12T09:38:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: The reaction of metals with dilute acids

  • Metals also react with dilute acids such as
  • Dilute hydrochloric acid
  • Hydrogen gas is released as a by product of the reaction
  • Metals such as calcium, magnesium and zinc that react with water react even more vigorously with dilute acids
  • Metals that react with […]
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Steel making

By |2025-02-12T09:24:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Steel beams. Image credit risleysteelservices.ca Steel beams. Image credit risleysteelservices.ca ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Steel making

  • The iron from the oxygen lance process is poured into a ladle and
  • Small amounts of other metals are mixed with it
  • It is mixed with metals such as:
  • manganese, cobalt, chromium […]
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Experiment:Making coke and collecting the resulting gases

By |2025-02-12T09:05:22+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Making coke Making coke ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment:Making coke and collecting the resulting gases

Aim: To make coke using coal and collect the gas and liquid by-products

Materials: crushed coal, test tubes, glass tubing, splints, lead ethanoate solution, filter paper, red and blue litmus paper, sodium hydroxide solution, beaker, water, trough, […]

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Experiment: Charges between charged bodies

By |2025-02-12T09:18:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Like charges repel and unlike attract Like charges repel and unlike attract ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:  Experiment: Charges between charged bodies

Aim: To demonstrate the forces of static electricity

Materials: glass/perspective rod, 2 polythene rods, silk cloth, woolen cloth and 2 watch-glasses

Method

  1. Balance two watch-glasses so that the top one is sitting on […]
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Experiment: To measure the potential difference of a simple cell

By |2025-02-12T09:36:15+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Testing simple cell electrodes Testing simple cell electrodes ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: To measure the potential difference of a simple cell

Aim: To measure the potential difference of a simple cell when different electrodes are used

Materials: dilute sulphuric acid, voltmeter, beaker, leads and crocodile clips, magnesium ribbon,lead foil, copper foil, […]

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Electric motors

By |2025-02-12T09:00:36+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A simple motor. Image credit youtube.com A simple motor. Image credit youtube.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Electric motors

  • An electric motor converts electrical energy into kinetic energy
  • This is caused by the interaction of the electrical field of the coil and
  • The magnetic field of the magnets in the […]
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Experiment: Comparing roof truss structures

By |2025-02-12T09:15:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A bridge made of ice cream sticks. Image credit pinterest.com A bridge made of ice cream sticks. Image credit pinterest.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:Experiment: Comparing roof truss structures

Aim:  To determine which structure is best for roof trusses/bridge girders

Materials:  Poplar wood /ice cream sticks/grass straws, stikistuff/drawing pins/glue, tin of sand, […]

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