February 2025

Reproduction in Plants:Development after fertilization

By |2025-02-12T09:29:14+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A flower fertilisation. Image credit studyblue.com Fertilisation of a flower. Image credit studyblue.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Reproduction in plants: Reproduction in Plants:Development after fertilization

  • Once the ovules inside the ovary have been fertilized a lot of changes takes place
  • The fertilized ovules develop into seeds inside the ovary
  • The ovary […]
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The oxidation process

By |2025-02-12T09:42:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: The oxidation process

  • Oxygen can be added to a substance/compound/element
  • For example carbon may be burnt into the air to form carbon dioxide
  • This process is known as oxidation
  • Oxidation is the process by which a substance/compound/element combines with oxygen in a chemical reaction
  • Oxidation is also used to refer to a […]
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Experiment: Making salt:copper sulphate

By |2025-02-12T09:11:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Making salt:copper sulphate

Materials: Making a salt, copper sulphate

Materials: copper oxide, dilute sulphuric acid, plastic beaker, evaporating dish, filter funnel, filter paper, stirring rod, spatula/plastic teaspoon

Making copper sulphate Making copper sulphate

Method

  1. Pour 20cm3 dilute sulphuric acid into a beaker
  2. Add a small spatula load of copper oxide and […]
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Experiment: The flotation cell

By |2025-02-12T09:28:07+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The purification of copper using the flotation cell The purification of copper using the flotation cell ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:Experiment: The flotation cell

Aim:  To make a copper flotation cell

Materials: basin of water, mixture of sand and powdered copper sulphide, washing powder/dish washing liquid,litmus paper, rubber tube, filter funnel, tray, wooden […]

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Experiment: Electrolysis of water

By |2025-02-12T09:41:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Apparatus used in the electrolysis of water. Image credit youtube.com Apparatus used in the electrolysis of water. Image credit youtube.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Electrolysis of water

Aim: To produce hydrogen gas using the electrolysis of water

Materials: beaker, test tubes, carbon electrodes, water, concentrated sulphuric acid, battery/8-12v power supply, connecting […]

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Experiment: Distillation of alcohol

By |2025-02-12T09:08:51+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Distillation of alcohol. Image credit bbc.co,uk Distillation of alcohol. Image credit bbc.co,uk ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: The distillation of ethanol

Aim: To concentrate alcohol using the distillation process

Materials: thermometer, clamp stands, rubber bungs, round bottomed flask, fractionating column. condenser with rubber tubing, watch-glass or tin lid, porcelain chips or clean dry sand

    […]
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