River Processes Archives - Page 2 of 3 - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

River Erosion

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:18:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River erosion. Image credit Internationalarchives.org ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Erosion

River erosion involves the wearing away of rock and soil found along the river bed and banks.
It also involves the breaking down of the rock particles being carried downstream by the river.
There are four […]

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Drainage Patterns

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:45:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Image credit fanshare.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Drainage Patterns.

Drainage pattern is a term that refers to the way in which a river and its tributaries arrange themselves in the drainage basin.
The drainage pattern evolves over a long period of time and is affected by such factors […]

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River transportation processes

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:20:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River transportation processes. Image credit BBC. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Transportation Processes.

Any energy left after a river has overcome friction is used to transport sediment.
This energy varies directly with a river’s discharge, velocity and turbulence
That is if they increase the amount of […]

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Drainage Basin

By garikaib|2025-02-12T08:57:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

The drainage basin. Image credit BBC. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Drainage Basin

The term drainage basin refers to an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries (river system).
It includes water found in the water table and surface run-off.
The drainage basin is also known […]

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River Deposition

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:22:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River deposition (left bank). Image credit Panoramio. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River deposition

Deposition occurs when a river no longer as sufficient energy to transport its load.
When its velocity begins to fall and has less energy, a river’s competence (maximum size of material […]

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Surface Water flow and the origin of rivers

By garikaib|2025-02-12T08:58:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Natural Springs contribute their water to rivers and often form the source of rivers. Image credit paintballfun.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Surface Water Flow and the Origin of rivers

Surface water flow and […]

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Factors affecting erosion, transportation and deposition

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:28:32+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Laminar Flow. Image credit gjhikes.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes

The following factors affect the river’s energy and ability to erode, transport and deposit its load.
Type of flow, gradient of channel, volume/discharge, cross-sectional channel shape, channel roughness.

Type of flow Laminar and Turbulent [...]
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The hydrological / Water cycle

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:00:59+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

The hydrological cycle. Image credit BBC ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: The hydrological cycle.

Water does not leave or enter the planet earth.
It is instead continuously transferred between the atmosphere and the oceans.
The system of inputs, storages,flows and outputs is known as the water or hydrological […]

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River profile

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:30:07+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

The long profile of a river. Image credit worldbuildingschool.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Profile

Rivers can be studied from two aspects viz:
The long profile-this is the cross section along the river’s entire length from its source to its mouth.
The short profile-this […]

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River capture

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:02:51+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River capture. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River capture

This is a process where one River captures the headwaters on a nearby stream.
This can occur due to several reasons viz:
Tectonic earth movements, where the slope of the land changes, and the stream is tipped out of its former course.
Natural damming, […]

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February 2025