February 2025

River transportation processes

By |2025-02-12T09:20:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River transportation processes. Image credit BBC. River transportation processes. Image credit BBC. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Transportation Processes.

  • Any energy left after a river has overcome friction is used to transport sediment.
  • This energy varies directly with a river’s discharge, velocity and turbulence
  • That is if they increase the amount of […]
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Factors affecting erosion, transportation and deposition

By |2025-02-12T09:28:32+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Laminar Flow. Image credit gjhikes.com Laminar Flow. Image credit gjhikes.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes

  • The following factors affect the river’s energy and ability to erode, transport and deposit its load.
  • Type of flow, gradient of channel, volume/discharge, cross-sectional channel shape, channel roughness.

Type of flow Laminar and Turbulent [...] </p srcset=

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The hydrological / Water cycle

By |2025-02-12T09:00:59+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

The hydrological cycle. Image credit BBC The hydrological cycle. Image credit BBC ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: The hydrological cycle.

  • Water does not leave or enter the planet earth.
  • It is instead continuously transferred between the atmosphere and the oceans.
  • The system of inputs, storages,flows and outputs is known as the water or hydrological […]
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River capture

By |2025-02-12T09:02:51+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River capture. River capture. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River capture

  • This is a process where one River captures the headwaters on a nearby stream.
  • This can occur due to several reasons viz:
  • Tectonic earth movements, where the slope of the land changes, and the stream is tipped out of its former course.
  • Natural damming, […]
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Landforms resulting form river processes

By |2025-02-12T09:32:44+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Rapids near Niagara Falls. Image credit NiagaraFallsLive.com Rapids near Niagara Falls. Image credit NiagaraFallsLive.com ZIMSEC Geography Notes: Landforms resulting from river processes

  • A river through its processes of erosion, transportation and deposition forms several landforms.
  • These can be broadly divided into those landforms resulting from erosion and deposition.

Landforms […]

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The construction of dams for multiple purposes

By |2025-02-12T09:09:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Lake Kariba. Image credit newsday.co.zw Lake Kariba. Image credit newsday.co.zw ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Processes: The construction of dams for Multiple purposes

  • a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level, forming a reservoir.
  • Daming involves the building across a river to hold the water back.
  • Strictly speaking the […]
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