February 2025

Nomadism Case Study: The Fulani of West Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:15:39+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fulani herder. Image credit vqronline.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Subsistence farming: Nomadism Case Study: The Fulani of West Africa

  • The Fulani practice their nomadism in a vast tract of land called the Sahel stretching from the Atlantic coast to the Ethiopian Highlands in the east.
  • This region covers […]
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The Main Irrigation Schemes of Africa and Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:14:13+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Vaal Barrage dam in South Africa. Image credit blogspot.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:The Main Irrigation Schemes of Africa and Zimbabwe

  • Almost every country in Africa has irrigation schemes of different sizes, most of them too small to note but the big ones are few due to the […]
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Raw Materials and Location of industries

By |2025-02-12T09:05:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location: Raw Materials and Location of industries 

  • From this calculation, a number of situations may arise:
  • \text{Raw Materials Index (RMI)} =\dfrac{\text{weight of raw materials}}{\text{weight of finished product}}
  • The formula used is
  • Industrialists calculate what is called the raw material index (RM index) to determine how raw materials will affect the location […]
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Roads in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:11:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Wide tarred road with a cycle track.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Road transport network in Zimbabwe

  • Roads in Zimbabwe have been divided into groups, namely:<
    1. Wide-tarred roads which are two-way highways with a minimum width of 6 metres, and
    2. Other roads include here are narrow-tarred roads, strip roads and […]
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Factors influencing world trade

By |2025-02-12T09:07:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Trucks at the border between Zimbabwe and South Africa. Image credit BBC

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Trade:Factors influencing world trade

  • There are several factors that influence trade.
  • Some of these factors are:
  • National income

If a country’s income level (national income) increases by a higher percentage than those of other countries, […]

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Copper products, benefits and problems

By |2025-02-12T09:39:34+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Copper products in a hardware store

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Copper mining in Zambia:Copper products

The following is a list of properties of copper:

  • Copper is ductile. Meaning it can be made into wire.
  • It can be polished, thus it is used for making ornaments for example, copper plates, […]
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Sustainable Management of forest resources in rural areas

By |2025-02-12T09:24:30+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Some of the staff from various ministries and organisations in Zimbabwe involved in the sustainable use of resources

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Natural Resources: Sustainable Management of forest resources in rural areas

  • Sustainable economic development involves the careful management of resources, conservation and the monitoring of the effects of resource exploitation […]
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Natural Resources: Sustainable water consumption

By |2025-02-12T09:13:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Water should be used in a sustainable manner.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Water: Sustainable water consumption

  • Sustainable water use means that water must be consumed at the same rate or slower than it is being replenished by the hydrological cycle.
  • To ensure equal access to water, increase protection […]
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Aquaculture and its advantages and disadvantages

By |2025-02-12T09:09:21+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fishing in an aquaculture pond. Image credit irinnews.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Advantages and disadvantages of aquaculture

  • the rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food
  • It is practiced in ponds, rivers, dams, lakes or even oceans
  • It is also known as aquafarming
  • The […]
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The siting and production of hydro-electric power: Rivers and Space

By |2025-02-12T09:28:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Zambezi River and the Victoria Falls. Image credit thesafarisource.com/

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The siting and production of hydro-electric power

Large perennial rivers

  • These are also important and necessary for establishing HEP stations.
  • These ensure a constant supply of a large volume of water required.
  • When the rivers […]
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