February 2025

Population structure

By |2025-02-12T09:07:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population: Population structure

  • The population structure of a country describes the population’s age, sex and the period males and females are expected to live
  • Population structure is the composition of a given population, which is broken down into categories such as age and gender.
  • This information can be shown on a population […]
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Migration: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:19:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Forced Migration. Image credit UNHCR

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: Introduction

  • Migration is the permanent or semi-permanent movement of people from one area to another, one country to another or one continent to another.
  • This involves the change of residence
  • There are several ways to classify migrations and these are:
    1. In terms […]
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Military organization of the Zulu State

By |2025-02-12T09:34:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

An old photo showing the Zulu army. Image credit satravelblog.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Zulu State: Tshaka’s military innovations

  • Shaka kaZulu was the military commander
  • The army commanders and indunas were appointed by Shaka personally from the royal family
  • The army was very crucial in the day to day life […]
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Military Organization of the Ndebele State

By |2025-02-12T09:45:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mzilikazi Khumalo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Political organization of the Ndebele State

  • The Ndebele had a standing army
  • The Ndebele also practiced the age regimental system
  • Membership in the regimental system was hereditary
  • The men could marry after they had been granted permission by the king
  • The Ndebele army was not […]
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Farming types in Africa: Bush Fallowing

By |2025-02-12T09:04:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Maize Field. Image credit wordpress.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Subsistence farming:Bush Fallowing

  • In many respects, it is similar to shifting cultivation but differs in that instead of rotating homes, the cultivated land is rotated.
  • The once cultivated area is abandoned without any crops for about five years […]
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Small Scale Mixed farming

By |2025-02-12T09:31:08+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Small scale mixed farming in rural Zimbabwe. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Mixed Farming

  • This type of farming is undertaken on a small piece of land with the aim of producing crops both for home consumption and sale.
  • It is an intensive type of farming.
  • It […]
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Livestock Farming

By |2025-02-12T09:19:00+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Dairy Farm. Image credit abstcm.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Livestock Farming

  • Animal husbandry is the rearing of livestock, cattle, sheep, goats and donkeys by a farmer in order to sustain himself and his nation.
  • Commercially, for Zimbabwe and the rest of Africa with the exception of South Africa’s […]
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The causes of the Anglo-Ndebele War/ First Matebele/War of Dispossession

By |2025-02-12T09:42:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Lobengula Khumalo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:The causes of the Anglo-Ndebele War/ First Matebele/War of Dispossession

Causes

  • The need to control the Shona people led to the Anglo-Ndebele war as the settlers needed them as labourers in their mines and industries whilst the Ndebele considered Mashonaland as a raiding ground
  • Raiding […]
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Advantages of iron and steel industries

By |2025-02-12T09:14:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Steel Plant image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Iron and Steel Industry:Advantages of iron and steel industries

  • Many advantages accrue to a country as a result of establishing its own iron and steel works.

Industrial growth

  • Iron and steel works are themselves industries, so establishing more of these means industrial […]
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Agriculture in Rhodesia

By |2025-02-12T09:32:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Tobacco remains an important cash crop to this day.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: : Zimbabwe 1894-1969: Agriculture in Rhodesia

After failing to get the desired profits and discovering the second Rand in mining, the settlers turned to agriculture

  • The European settlers did not immediately utilize the land they had acquired since […]
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