February 2025

Functional organisation structure

By |2025-02-12T09:45:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Functional organisational structure Functional organisational structure

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Functional organisation structure

  • This is the traditional form of organisational structure
  • The organisation’s tasks and operations are divided into groups/departments based on organisational functions/function areas
  • Examples of such functions include marketing, finance, human resources, production/operations and IT (Information Technology)
  • […]

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The Grape Vine: Informal vs Formal Communication

By |2025-02-12T09:27:33+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The grape vine gives it’s name to the informal communication process. Image credit cliparts.co

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes:The Grape Vine: Informal vs Formal Communication

  • Communication can also be classified as either informal or formal
  • Formal communication is official, arranged and approved of by the relevant authorities in the organisation
  • […]

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Trade Unions in Zimbabwe and their types

By |2025-02-12T09:11:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Trade Unions in Zimbabwe and their types

There are a number of trade unions that operate in Zimbabwe. Below is a list of some of them and their categories. As clearly demonstrated a trade union can belong to more than one category.

NB Due to persistent economic crisis that have greatly […]

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The Management function

By |2025-02-12T09:32:37+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: Training: The Management function

  • is the planning, organizing, leading/commanding, controlling and coordinating of the organisation’s activities so as to make sure the organisation’s objectives are achieved in an efficient and effective manner
  • Management can also be defined as the art of doing work through others
  • It entails […]
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Benefits and drawbacks of advertising

By |2025-02-12T09:09:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Benefits and drawbacks of advertising

  • Not all advertising is successful
  • In fact advertising does have its advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of advertising

  • It informs the customer
  • It is part of the competitive process and fights off the competition
  • It allows consumers/customers to make an informed choice
  • I can act as a guarantee of […]
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Job Production

By |2025-02-12T09:26:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Production: Job Production

  • Production is the creation of goods and services
  • Job production is a production method when:
  • items are made individually
  • Each item is completed before the next one is started
  • Each item is unique
  • Usually the product is custom made to the customer’s specifications or requirements
  • Examples of items made […]
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Business Studies: Working Capital

By |2025-02-12T09:06:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Working Capital

  • Refers to the capital of the business that is used for the day to day running of the business
  • Put simply it is the cash available for day-to-day operations of an organization
  • Strictly speaking though working capital is more than just cash
  • It includes all the assets […]
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Introduction to Shares

By |2025-02-12T09:22:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

Image credit pfguru.com Image credit pfguru.com ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Introduction to Shares

  • This is a unit or portion of capital.
  • It represents a stake in a limited liability business.

Types/Classes of shares.

  • There are basically two types of shares:
  • Ordinary and preference shares.

Ordinary shares

  • these represent equity ownership […]
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Productivity Agreements, Commissions, Salary

By |2025-02-12T09:26:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Salary gives status and flexibility. Image credit blogspot.com

Salary gives status and flexibility. Image credit blogspot.comZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Productivity Agreements, Commissions, Salary

  • commision -is a form of remuneration that is based on total sales
  • It is a common form of payment with sales agents, insurance brokers etc
  • It is paid upon […]
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