February 2025

The Product Life Cycle

By |2025-02-12T09:03:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: The Product Life Cycle

  • The term product life cycle is used to describe the phases through which a product passes from its introduction to decline
  • It is a basic fact in business that all products introduced go through a number of phases from their introduction to their eventual elimination
  • Generally a product […]
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Price Variations

By |2025-02-12T09:20:15+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing:Price Variations

  • In addition to employing varies pricing strategies  firms can also make use of price variations
  • This is when prices are adjusted depending on a variety of factors
  • This is usually achieved by using discounts
  • There are therefore a number of discounts
  • Discounts for bulk purchases
  • Discounts for prompt payments
  • Purchases […]
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Business Studies:The profit and loss account

By |2025-02-12T09:41:12+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: The profit and loss account

  • Organisations that operate on a profit basis traditionally prepare what used to be known as a trading and profit and loss account
  • Nowadays it is more generally known as an Income Statement
  • In strict financial accounting parlance it is called a Statement of Comprehensive […]
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Business Studies: Competition, Controlling Imports and Exports

By |2025-02-12T09:30:13+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Aiding and influencing the businesses: Competition, Controlling Imports and Exports

  • The government has a lot of incentives to control and regulate the operation of businesses
  • Control and regulation can be achieved in a number of ways
  • In this topic we will look at economic policies of the government
  • These include:
  • Regulating competition

    • […]

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Levels of Business Activity

By |2025-02-12T09:16:34+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: The Three Sectors of the Economy

  • There are three levels of economic activity:
  • Primary Level
  • Secondary Level
  • Tertiary Level

 Primary

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  • All those businesses which are related to extraction of raw material from the earth such […]
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Public Corporations/ Parastatals

By |2025-02-12T09:09:57+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Telone is an example of a Parastatal. Image credit techzim.co.zw Telone is an example of a Parastatal. Image credit techzim.co.zw ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Features of Public Corporations/ Parastatals

  • These are entities found in the public sector
  • They are owned by the local and national government and
  • They exist primarily to provide […]
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F W Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management

By |2025-02-12T09:20:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A factory worker. Image credit thejournal.co.uk A factory worker. Image credit thejournal.co.uk  ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: F W Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management

  • Taylor lived in an era when management was an ad hoc practice rather than a true and trained discipline
  • He was mainly concerned with increasing the […]
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Chain of Command,Line vs Staff Authority

By |2025-02-12T09:36:26+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Staff and Line Staff. Image credit usine-digitale.fr Staff and Line Staff. Image credit usine-digitale.fr

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Chain of Command,Line vs Staff Authority

  • Chain of command-refers to the hierarchy of authority by which order, directions and communications are passed down from the top to the bottom
  • It is […]
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The communication process

By |2025-02-12T09:14:11+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Leadership: The communication process

  • Communication is the exchange of information, ideas, opinions and feelings
  • The process of communication and it’s stages can be shown on a diagram known as the communication model

The Communication Model

  • The communication process involves encoding of information by the […]
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Barriers to effective communication

By |2025-02-12T09:05:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Emotional barrier. Image credit moneycrashers.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Communication in Business: Barriers to effective communication

  • A communication barrier is an obstacle that prevents the flow of communication within the organisation
  • Communication barriers lead to communication failure
  • Barriers can be found at each level during the communication process
  • That is they can be found during […]
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