January 2023

Laissez-faire leadership style

By |2022-09-15T12:37:25+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Laissez Faire means to let go. Image credit slate.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Laissez-faire leadership style

  • Is also known as the free-reign style
  • It comes from a French phrase which means to let go
  • The free reign leader sets goals for subordinates and
  • sets the parameters within which […]
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The need for/importance of effective communication

By |2022-09-15T12:34:11+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Communication in Business: The need for/importance of effective communication

  • Communication is said to be effective when it is received and understood in the manner in which the sender intended
  • Effective communication is essential to the achievement of the organisation’s goals
  • Without communication it would be hard to define the organisation’s […]
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Labour Turnover

By |2022-09-15T12:34:05+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: Labour Turnover

  • It is a statistical measure of the number of people who leave an organisation’s employ versus the number of people who remain in that organisation’s employment in a given year
  • It is expressed as a ratio:
  • \dfrac{\text{Number of people who left}}{\text{Avergage number of people employed}} […]
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F W Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management

By |2022-09-15T12:37:41+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A factory worker. Image credit thejournal.co.uk A factory worker. Image credit thejournal.co.uk  ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: F W Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management

  • Taylor lived in an era when management was an ad hoc practice rather than a true and trained discipline
  • He was mainly concerned with increasing the […]
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Chain of Command,Line vs Staff Authority

By |2022-09-15T12:37:31+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Staff and Line Staff. Image credit usine-digitale.fr Staff and Line Staff. Image credit usine-digitale.fr

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Chain of Command,Line vs Staff Authority

  • Chain of command-refers to the hierarchy of authority by which order, directions and communications are passed down from the top to the bottom
  • It is […]
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The communication process

By |2022-09-15T12:37:23+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Leadership: The communication process

  • Communication is the exchange of information, ideas, opinions and feelings
  • The process of communication and it’s stages can be shown on a diagram known as the communication model

The Communication Model

  • The communication process involves encoding of information by the […]
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Barriers to effective communication

By |2022-09-15T12:34:11+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Emotional barrier. Image credit moneycrashers.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Communication in Business: Barriers to effective communication

  • A communication barrier is an obstacle that prevents the flow of communication within the organisation
  • Communication barriers lead to communication failure
  • Barriers can be found at each level during the communication process
  • That is they can be found during […]
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Problems of high labour turnover

By |2022-09-15T12:34:04+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management:Problems of high labour turnover

  • Labour turnover is essential for the health of the organisation:
    1. It prevents stagnation in the workplace through the infusion of new blood and ideas
    2. It allows the organisation to adapt to changing demands
    3. It allows the organisation to replace ageing workforce

Problems of high […]

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Motivation and Motivational Theories

By |2022-09-15T12:37:40+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Construction workers. Image credit biznetafrica.com Construction workers. Image credit biznetafrica.com ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Motivation and Motivational Theories

  • People work for any number of reasons
  • Most people work because they want to earn money and survive while others work voluntarily
  • Others work because they find meaning and fulfillment in […]
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Centralisation and decentralization

By |2022-09-15T12:37:31+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Decentralisation vs Centralisation Decentralisation vs Centralisation. Image pixabay.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Centralisation and decentralization

  • An organisation’s structure can be centralised or decentralised
  • Centralisation-is when power, authority and decision making are concentrated at the top of the organisation’s hierarchy
  • This means activities such as planning and decision making are […]
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