fuels Archives - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

Experiment: Burning fuels

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:02:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Burning Fuels ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Burning fuels

Aim: To burn and investigate the nature of fuels

Materials: methylated spirits/alcohol, candle, meths burner, bunsen burner, paraffin, tin lid or porcelain dish, tongs

Method

Light a meths burner and observe the flame
Burn a small amount of alcohol on a tine lid, […]

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Social and economic factors to consider when using fuels

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:16:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Oil spills are destructive to vegetation. Image credit africanewscircle.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Social and economic factors to consider when using fuels

The extraction and consumption of fuels has led to a lot of problems in recent years
Problems include:

[…]

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Coal as a fuel

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:03:21+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Coal Mining at Hwange. Image credit chronicle.co.zw ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Coal fuel

Coal is a common solid fuel
It is a non-renewable resource
It is used as a raw material by industries such as at ZISCO and less commonly as a […]

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The manufacture of coke at Hwange

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:03:57+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Raw Coke. Image credit MedialWiki ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: The manufacture of coke at Hwange

Coke is a hard prous residue formed when coking coal is heated to 1250°C in the absence of air
It is almost pure carbon
It is often used as […]

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Experiment:Making coke and collecting the resulting gases

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:05:22+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Making coke ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment:Making coke and collecting the resulting gases

Aim: To make coke using coal and collect the gas and liquid by-products

Materials: crushed coal, test tubes, glass tubing, splints, lead ethanoate solution, filter paper, red and blue litmus paper, sodium hydroxide solution, beaker, water, trough, […]

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Biogas as a source of energy
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Biogas as a source of energy

Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes

Biogas as a source of energy

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:06:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Biogas as a source of energy

Biogas is the gas that is obtained from fermenting manure and other organic waste
It is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide
Cattle manure is commonly used as a waste to feed biogas plants
Small plants have been built in some parts of Zimbabwe

[…]

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Ethanol as a source of energy
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Ethanol as a source of energy

Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes

Ethanol as a source of energy

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:07:30+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Ethanol as a source of energy

Ethanol is also known as alcohol
It is made by fermenting plants with a high sugar content
Sugar cane is commonly used to make ethanol in Zimbabwe
The plant is grown in Zimbabwe’s Lowveld
Water from Mutirikwe and Bangala Dams is used to irrigate the crop
Biomas is […]

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Experiment making ethanol

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:08:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fermentation of glucose ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: making ethanol

Aim: To make ethanol by fermenting glucose

Materials: conical flask/plastic bottle, cork, glass/rubber tube,lime water, 5% glucose solution, yeast, mealie meal

Method

Add about 50cm³ of the 5% glucose solution into the flask
Add a spatula of yeast/mix mealie meal with water […]

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Experiment: Distillation of alcohol

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:08:51+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Distillation of alcohol. Image credit bbc.co,uk ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: The distillation of ethanol

Aim: To concentrate alcohol using the distillation process

Materials: thermometer, clamp stands, rubber bungs, round bottomed flask, fractionating column. condenser with rubber tubing, watch-glass or tin lid, porcelain chips or clean dry sand

[…]

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Experiment: Determining the best conditions for the production of ethanol

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:09:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fermentation of glucose ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Determining the best conditions for the production of ethanol

Aim: To determine the best conditions for ethanol production

Materials: 5% glucose solution, 20% glucose solution, yeast, sodium hydroxide solution, mealie meal, dilute hydrochloric acid, thermometer, conical flask, cork, glass tube, test tube, […]

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February 2025