February 2025

Tall and Flat organisational structures

By |2025-02-12T09:42:08+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Tall vs Flat Organisational structures. Image credit Huffingtonpost.com Tall vs Flat Organisational structures. Image credit Huffingtonpost.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Tall and Flat organisational structures

  • Organisational structures can also, among other terms and ways, be described as either tall or flat
  • This is done by looking at the layers […]
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Employer’s responses to industrial action

By |2025-02-12T09:15:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Trade Unions: Employer’s responses to industrial actions

  • When negotiations between employers and employees fail, employees may engage in industrial action
  • Employers may counter these actions using various methods including:
    1. Dismissal of offending employees
    2. Manipulation and cooptation- i.e. buy off the leaders of the industrial action
    3. Lockout the strikers
    4. Strike breaking […]
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The Marketing Department

By |2025-02-12T09:35:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing:The Marketing Department

  • Is responsible for executing and implementing the organisation’s marketing functions
  • It carries out functions such as:
    1. Marketing research:
      1. Identifying opportunities that lie in the market that the business might exploit
      2. Carrying out desk and field research
      3. Analyzing data gathered from marketing research and making decisions
    2. New product development in […]
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Marketing: Sales Promotion

By |2025-02-12T09:11:12+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Sales Promotion

  • Refers to all forms of promotion other than  advertising or personal selling
  • Stimulation of sales achieved through contests,
  • demonstrations,
  • discounts,
  • exhibitions or trade shows,
  • games,
  • giveaways,
  • point-of-sale displays and merchandising,
  • special offers,
  • trial periods
  • and similar activities.
  • Sales promotions are normally employed in a supportive role together with other forms […]
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Flow Production/Line Production

By |2025-02-12T09:29:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Production: Flow Production/Line Production

  • This is also known as assembly line or continuous production
  • It is a method used to manufacture, produce, or process materials without interruption to produce products
  • It involves repetitive manufacturing processes in which each product passes through the same sequence of operations,
  • and the machines and other equipment are […]
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Uses, advantages and disadvantages of budgets

By |2025-02-12T09:13:33+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Ratio Analysis: Budgets: Uses, advantages and disadvantages of budgets

  • Facilitate coordination between departments within the organisation
  • Helps to assign and clarify responsibilities e.g. the production department must produce and the marketing department sell produced units
  • Help to translate strategic plans into actionable departmental goals
  • Improves communication
  • Help to control […]
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Performance Related Pay

By |2025-02-12T09:24:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Performance related pay can improve performance. Image credit loophaiti.com Performance related pay can improve performance. Image credit loophaiti.com ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Performance Related Pay

  • A financial reward system for employees where some or all
  • of their monetary compensation is related to how their performance
  • This performance is based […]
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Job description

By |2025-02-12T09:44:33+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Job description. Image credit atlantablackstar.com Job description. Image credit atlantablackstar.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Job description

  • it is a formal account of an employee’s responsibilities
  • is a formal summary of the duties of a position
  • it states the essential responsibilities of the job
  • It often comes in the form of a […]
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Human Resources Management: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:16:42+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: Introduction

  • The process of hiring and developing employees so that they become more valuable to the organization
  • It involves the following activities:
    1. Job Analysis
    2. Anticipating and planning the organisation’s personnel needs
    3. Job Advertising
    4. Recruiting the right people to do the job
    5. Selecting the appropriate candidates from the […]
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