January 2023

Centralisation and decentralization

By |2022-09-15T12:37:31+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Decentralisation vs Centralisation Decentralisation vs Centralisation. Image pixabay.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Centralisation and decentralization

  • An organisation’s structure can be centralised or decentralised
  • Centralisation-is when power, authority and decision making are concentrated at the top of the organisation’s hierarchy
  • This means activities such as planning and decision making are […]
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Conflict and ways of resolving conflict

By |2022-09-15T12:34:09+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Trade Unions and Businesses: Conflict and ways of resolving conflict

  • Conflict can be defined as a disagreement or incompatibility that arises from two or more parties having different expectations or objectives
  • Friction or opposition resulting from actual or perceived differences or incompatibilities.
  • In organisations conflict usually arises because the various
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The Market Introduction

By |2022-09-15T12:34:01+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Introduction to markets

  • A market is an actual or nominal place where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediaries to trade goods, services, instruments, contracts in exchange for money or other mediums of value
  • Markets can be physical or infrastructural buildings that can actual be observed in the real world for […]
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Benefits and drawbacks of advertising

By |2022-09-15T12:33:55+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Benefits and drawbacks of advertising

  • Not all advertising is successful
  • In fact advertising does have its advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of advertising

  • It informs the customer
  • It is part of the competitive process and fights off the competition
  • It allows consumers/customers to make an informed choice
  • I can act as a guarantee of […]
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Job Production

By |2022-09-15T12:33:50+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Production: Job Production

  • Production is the creation of goods and services
  • Job production is a production method when:
  • items are made individually
  • Each item is completed before the next one is started
  • Each item is unique
  • Usually the product is custom made to the customer’s specifications or requirements
  • Examples of items made […]
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Business Studies: Gearing ratios

By |2022-09-15T12:33:43+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Ratio Analysis:Gearing ratios

  • Gearing refers to the extent to which a business’s assets are financed using debt capital versus equity capital
  • Remember the balance sheet equation:
  • Assets = Capital (Equity) + Liabilities (Debt)
  • What this means is that all assets are purchased using either equity or debt finance
  • Equity […]
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AS A Level Business: Introduction To Shares

By |2022-09-15T12:29:47+02:00January 24th, 2023|Cambridge AS A Level Business Studies, Notes, ZIMSEC A Level Business Studies, ZIMSEC Business Enterprise Skills|

Cambridge AS A Level Business Studies/ ZIMSEC Advanced Level Business Studies/ Business Enterprise Skills Notes: Types of businesses: Introduction To Shares

  • It has already been said that the capital of limited liability companies is divided into units
  • These units are known as shares
  • Investors in these companies are known as shareholders i.e. they own/hold shares […]
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Delegation

By |2022-09-15T12:37:30+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Delegation. Image credit blackenterprise.com Delegation. Image credit blackenterprise.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Delegation

  • Delegation-is the transfer of authority and responsibility by a superior/manager to a subordinate
  • to carry out specific function,duties and tasks
  • The delegator remains accountable for the outcome of the delegated work
  • Delegation results in decentralisation

[…]

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