February 2025

European Powers that scrambled for Africa

By |2025-02-12T08:59:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A map showing the results of the Scramble for Africa. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Scramble and Partition of Southern Africa: European Powers that scrambled for Africa

  • These are the countries which participated in the scramble and colonization of Africa:
  • Portugal
  • Britain
  • Italy
  • Germany

    • […]

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Economic Factors that led to the Scramble and Partition of Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:19:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A map of colonial Africa

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:Economic Factors that led to the Scramble and Partition for Africa

  • New industrialists needed raw materials for their industries which were readily available in Africa
  • The raw materials included rubber, timber, gold, cotton among others
  • The discovery of […]
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The major estates of Zimbabwe: Hippo Valley case study

By |2025-02-12T09:40:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hippo Valley Estate. Image credit wordpress.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:The major estates of Zimbabwe: Hippo Valley case study

  • Hippo Valley estate is located in the S.E Lowveld of Zimbabwe.
  • Size-Large land of size 111 4555 ha leased to a company by government.
  • Ownership-Ownership is by Anglo-American Corporation […]
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British Officials Involved in the Occupation of Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:33:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cecil John Rhodes

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:British Officials Involved in the Occupation of Zimbabwe

  • Cecil John Rhodes
  • Colonel Pennefather
  • Charles Rudd
  • Rockford Maguire
  • Francis Thomson
  • Frank Johnson
  • C Selous
  • Allan Wilson
  • John Smith Moffat

To access more topics go to the History Notes page.

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Raw Materials and Location of industries

By |2025-02-12T09:05:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location: Raw Materials and Location of industries 

  • From this calculation, a number of situations may arise:
  • \text{Raw Materials Index (RMI)} =\dfrac{\text{weight of raw materials}}{\text{weight of finished product}}
  • The formula used is
  • Industrialists calculate what is called the raw material index (RM index) to determine how raw materials will affect the location […]
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The Jameson Raid of 1893

By |2025-02-12T09:19:30+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Boer fighters during the Anglo-Boer War.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Colonisation of Zimbabwe:The Jameson Raid of 1893

  • The British wanted to enforce their rule on Transvaal , Boer colony
  • Their reasons for this were that they were complaining that Uitlanders (foreigners mostly British) were being ill-treated by the Boers
  • The […]
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Tourism Industry in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:45:57+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Troutbeck in Nyanga. Image credit hotel-r.net

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Tourism Industry in Zimbabwe

  • Tourism has been the world’s fastest growing industry due to a number of factors.
  • This growth has been taking place in both developed and developing countries although growth rates have been varying between countries.
  • The greatest […]
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Railways, ports and inland waterways

By |2025-02-12T09:16:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Ferry on Lake Malawi. Image credit seabreezes.co.im

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Railways, ports and inland waterways

  • Africa’s transport network is the least development in the world for various reason.
  • The continent has some of the world’s poorest nations with very low Gross Domestic Products (GDPs), Gross National Products […]
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Modern Developments in Transport: Air Transport

By |2025-02-12T09:31:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Easy Jet provides budget flights. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport:Modern Developments in Transport: Air Transport

  • Development in this transport sector includes enlarging and modernizing airports and terminals.
  • There is also a strong drive to attract airlines from developed countries to fly to developing countries to boost tourism […]
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Road to the Federation

By |2025-02-12T09:04:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sir Goddfrey Huggins/Lord Marlven.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland: Road to the Federation

  • From mid 1940s upwards, settlers began to like the idea of a union due to the economic and political reasons mentioned in the previous topics
  • Also Afrikaners (Boers) had started protesting so there […]
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