January 2023

Chemical Reactions

By |2022-09-15T12:39:46+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Chemical Reactions

Introduction to reactions

  • A compound is formed when a chemical reaction takes place
  • Chemical change takes place to form the compound
  • Word equations can be used as a short hand way to show what has happened
  • An example of a chemical equation is:
  • \text{iron + sulpher}\rightarrow \text{iron sulphide}
  • As already […]
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Experiment: Reducing Iron oxide using aluminium

By |2022-09-15T12:39:33+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Reducing Iron oxide using aluminium

Aim: To remove oxygen from iron oxide using aluminum

Materials: sand, tin can, safety screen, magnesium ribbon and magnesium powder, wooden splint, aluminum powder, dry iron oxide, barium preoxide

Reducing iron oxide using aluminum oxide Reducing iron oxide using aluminum oxide

Method

  1. Fill the tin […]
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Experiment: Investigating the effects of concentration on marble chips

By |2022-09-15T12:39:25+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Concentration varies directly with the rate of reaction Concentration varies directly with the rate of reaction ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Investigating the effects of concentration on marble chips

Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration on the reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid

Materials : conical flask/glass jam jars, measuring cylinder, […]

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Experiment: Separating copper from its oxides

By |2022-09-15T12:39:16+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Separating copper from its oxides

Aim: To separate copper from its oxide ores

Materials: copper oxide, iron nail, dilute sulphuric acid, filter funnel, 2 beakers, stirring rod, filter paper, burner

Extracting copper from copper oxide Extracting copper from copper oxide

Method

  1. Place a small amount of copper oxide in a […]
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The Manufacture of sulphuric acid

By |2022-09-15T12:39:04+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: The production of sulphuric acid

  • Sulphuric acid is produced using the Contact process
  • In Zimbabwe there is a sulphuric acid production plant at Zimphos in Harare
  • Sulpher or iron pyrites (iron sulphide) is roasted to form sulphur dioxide
  • The word equation for roasting iron pyrites is:
  • \text{iron sulphide+oxygen}\rightarrow\text{iron oxide+sulpher dioxide}
  • The word […]
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Experiment:investigating fuel efficiency

By |2022-09-15T12:38:55+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Testing fuel to determine its energy content Testing fuel to determine its energy content ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment:investigating fuel efficiency

Aim: To determine the amount of heat liberated when different liquid fuels burn

Materials:  2 spirit burners, wooden block, clamp and stand, meths, paraffin, thermometer, draught shields, clamp, beaker, water, tripod […]

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Experiment: Finding the resistance of a resistor using a voltmeter

By |2022-09-15T12:38:45+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:  Experiment: Finding the resistance of a resistor using a voltmeter

Aim:  To find the resistance of a resistor in a circuit using voltmeter

Materials: cells, ammeter, resistor,switch, leads with crocodile clips

Finding Resistance

Method

  1. Set up the circuit as shown above
  2. Close the switch
  3. Read and record values of the […]
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Introduction:Generators and Motors

By |2022-09-15T12:38:38+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hwange Power Plant. Image credit chronicle.co.zw Hwange Power Plant. Image credit chronicle.co.zw ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Introduction:Motors and generators

  • Due to their nature batteries and cells produce a limited amount of electrical power
  • A lot of the electricity used in homes and industries comes from generators
  • Generators convert kinetic […]
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Reinforced concrete and stone properties and structures

By |2022-09-15T12:38:21+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Reinforced concrete. Image credit surfcivil.blogspot.com Reinforced concrete. Image credit surfcivil.blogspot.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Metal and metal alloy properties and their construction uses

  • Often building materials are combined when building a structure
  • The most common such mixture is reinforced concrete
  • It is a mixture of steel and concrete
  • Steel is […]
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