February 2025

Centralisation and decentralization

By |2025-02-12T09:38:34+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Decentralisation vs Centralisation Decentralisation vs Centralisation. Image pixabay.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Centralisation and decentralization

  • An organisation’s structure can be centralised or decentralised
  • Centralisation-is when power, authority and decision making are concentrated at the top of the organisation’s hierarchy
  • This means activities such as planning and decision making are […]
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Verbal Communication

By |2025-02-12T09:15:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Verbal Communication. Image credit infochristo.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Verbal Communication

  • Is the sharing of ideas, thoughts and feelings using speech and sounds
  • In verbal communication words are used to exchange information

Advantages

  • There is immediate feedback
  • There is direct impact
  • Allows for the use of plain and easily […]
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Ways to overcome barriers to the communication process

By |2025-02-12T09:07:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources:Ways to overcome barriers to the communication process

  • As pointed out the communication process can encounter problems that will reduce its effectiveness
  • These problems are also known as communication barriers
  • To read notes on the communication process please click here
  • These communication barriers can be overcome in various ways […]
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Dismissal, retrenchment and redundancy of employees

By |2025-02-12T09:27:49+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management:Dismissal, retrenchment and redundancy of employees

  • All employees eventually leave the employ of the organisation
  • This can be due to:
    1. Separation as a result of management action:
    2. Disciplinary action
    3. Dismissal due to dissatisfaction with performance
    4. Redundancy
  • It could also be due to other factors that are unavoidable such as:
      […]
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Promotion:Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:07:22+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Promotion

  • Organizations come up with promotional strategies to communicate with customers or clients
  • Promotional strategy- the choice of a target market and formulation of the most appropriate promotion mix to influence it.
  • Promotion refers to the organisational function concerned with the advancement of a product, idea, or point of view through publicity […]
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Factors to consider when choosing a distribution channel

By |2025-02-12T09:23:17+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Factors to consider when choosing a distribution channel

  • As pointed out elsewhere business have to choose from a number of distribution channels
  • In instance the business has to consider several factors when deciding on the most appropriate channel to use
  • These factors include:

The nature of the product

  • for example industrial products are […]
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Business Studies: Ratio Analysis: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T08:55:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Ratio Analysis: Introduction

  • Businesses record financial transactions as part of the finance and accounting function
  • This financial information is presented in the form of financial statements also known as final accounts at the end of each year/trading period
  • This information is used by various stakeholders of the business to make […]
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Business Studies: Aiding and protecting the employee

By |2025-02-12T09:35:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Aiding and influencing the business:Aiding and protecting the employee

  • Employees are quite vulnerable in a number of ways
  • This is especially true during times when unemployment is high as is the case in Zimbabwe
  • High unemployment erodes the bargaining power of employees leaving them at the mercy of employers
  • There are therefore laws […]
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Sole Trader Businesses

By |2025-02-12T09:19:13+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Sole Trader Businesses

Characteristics/Features

  • It is a form of business where there is only one owner who manages and controls the business.
  • The owner of a business is also known as a proprietor and hence the business is also known as a sole proprietorship which means the business has one owner.
  • A sole proprietorship […]
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