February 2025

Agriculture: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:39:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Agriculture is a critical part of the Zimbabwean economy. Image credit care.ca

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture: Introduction

  • Agriculture is a primary activity in which man extracts food and industrial raw materials from nature on a production unit known as a farm.
  • As a result, this industry or activity is called farming.
  • […]

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Farm Inputs: Land size, Soil and Slope

By |2025-02-12T09:23:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Crops require the right soil. Image credit voanewsamerica.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farm Inputs: Land size, Soil and Slope

Land size

  • Size of the land is significant in farming because where land is short and farming land is small, traditional farmers have to practice intensive subsistence farming.
  • Subsistence farming is the growing of […]
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Cattle Ranching as a system

By |2025-02-12T09:20:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Grazing Cattle. Image credit blogspot.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Cattle Ranching as a system

We are aware that some of the information in this topic is dated but we have included it because examiners still keep examining on it.

  • Cattle ranching , like any other farming activity, is […]
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Farm Inputs: Land Ownership

By |2025-02-12T08:56:06+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A communal farmer. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farm Inputs: Land Ownership

Land ownership or tenure

  • This mainly results from socio-economic and political as well as historical factors that prevail in an area.
  • The tenant or leasehold system of land tenure in one where a landlord leases or rents land to […]
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Human Farm Inputs: Labour and Capital

By |2025-02-12T09:26:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Capital and Labour are important on farms. Image credit buzzsouthafrica.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farm Inputs:Farm Inputs: Labour and Capital

  • These fall under Human Inputs

Labour

  • This refers to the number of people involved in a production system, their skills or technical know-how as well as their production objectives.
  • In traditional farming systems, […]
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Commercial farming in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:31:36+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Commercial Farm in Zimbabwe.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Commercial farming in Zimbabwe

Inputs

  • Land– ranges from 500 to 100 000 ha.
  • Rainfall– water for irrigation comes from rivers, dams, lakes or aquifers.
  • Capital– comes from banks or other farmers.
  • Labour– this comes from the farmers himself, skilled and […]
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Human Farm Inputs: Farm machinery

By |2025-02-12T09:00:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Farm Tractors are widely used equipment.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Human Farm Inputs: Farm machinery

Farm machinery

  • This is a very crucial human input in that it determines the productive capacity of a farming system.
  • The machinery used depends on the technological advancements of that community.
  • Machinery helps in making work light in […]
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Human Farm Inputs: Seeds and Fertilizer

By |2025-02-12T09:27:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fertilizer is often a critical input

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Human Farm Inputs: Seeds and Fertilizer
Seeds

  • These determine the germination rate, growth status and productivity level of crops.
  • Traditional farmers use seeds from the previous year’s harvest.
  • These seed mostly would have been damaged by fungi, insects and rodents such that their […]
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Tobacco farming in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:32:19+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Tobacco farmers selling their produce at TSF.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Tobacco farming in Zimbabwe

Growing conditions and growing area

  • This accounts for 30 % of the country forex earnings and 12% of GDP.
  • It employs over 300 000 people.
  • Region 2 major growing area.
  • Rainfall 700-1000 mm […]
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Factors influencing farming: Economic factors

By |2025-02-12T09:00:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Farming requires transport to move the produce to the market. Image credit farmradio.fm

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Factors influencing farming: Economic factors

Transport

  • Types of transport available, time taken, and the cost of moving raw materials is one of the economic factors.
  • For perishable commodities for example milk, an efficient transport network is […]
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