February 2025

Solutions to the Problems Caused by Nomadism

By |2025-02-12T09:11:32+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sedentarization is a possible solution. Image credit aljazeera.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Solutions to the Problems Caused by Nomadism

  • The problem caused by nomads are a cause for concern for settled farmers and governments in Africa, as well as international organisation such as the United Nations.
  • As a result, […]
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Farming types in Africa: Shifting Cultivation

By |2025-02-12T09:45:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Shifting Cultivation Land. Image credit geography.name

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Subsistence farming:Shifting Cultivation

Areas where practised in Africa

  • Central DRC,
  • Miombo Woodlands of Tanzania,
  • The Chitemene system by the Bemba and the Ushi in north-east Zambia,
  • The Chiinge system in the Chipinge area of Zimbabwe and
  • Central Guinea.

Characteristics

  • Shifting […]
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Nomadism: A Case Study

By |2025-02-12T09:14:06+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sahel Nomads. Image credit btcycle.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Subsistence farming: Nomadism: A Case Study: Sedentarisation of nomads in the Sahel

Sedenterisation of Nomads in the Sahel

  • In this scheme, an area to settle the nomads is selected by UN officials.
  • A deep well is sunk at the centre, […]
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The Main Irrigation Schemes of Africa and Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:14:13+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Vaal Barrage dam in South Africa. Image credit blogspot.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:The Main Irrigation Schemes of Africa and Zimbabwe

  • Almost every country in Africa has irrigation schemes of different sizes, most of them too small to note but the big ones are few due to the […]
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Nomadism Case Study: The Fulani of West Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:15:39+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fulani herder. Image credit vqronline.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Subsistence farming: Nomadism Case Study: The Fulani of West Africa

  • The Fulani practice their nomadism in a vast tract of land called the Sahel stretching from the Atlantic coast to the Ethiopian Highlands in the east.
  • This region covers […]
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Gezira versus Lowveld Irrigation schemes

By |2025-02-12T09:17:10+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Gezira Irrigation cotton plants. Image credit MIT

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Gezira  versus Lowveld Irrigation schemes

Gezira Irrigation Scheme

  • Is one of the largest irrigation schemes in the world
  • It is found int the state of   Al Jazirah in Sudan
  • It is located at the confluence of the […]
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Farming as a system

By |2025-02-12T09:22:14+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A farm/family plot can be viewed as a system. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming as a system

  • A farm is a tract of land on which crops and often livestock are raised for livelihood
  • A farm can be viewed as a system
  • A system is a set of interacting […]
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Livestock Farming

By |2025-02-12T09:19:00+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Dairy Farm. Image credit abstcm.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Livestock Farming

  • Animal husbandry is the rearing of livestock, cattle, sheep, goats and donkeys by a farmer in order to sustain himself and his nation.
  • Commercially, for Zimbabwe and the rest of Africa with the exception of South Africa’s […]
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Farm Inputs: Sunshine,Temperature and Rainfall

By |2025-02-12T09:22:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Crops require good sunshine and a certain temperature in order to grow. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming as a system:Farm Inputs: Sunshine and Temperature

Sunshine

  • It refers to cloud free days experienced in an area.
  • The number of days with sunshine decreases as latitude increases towards the poles.
  • Sunshine is […]
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Commercial ranching

By |2025-02-12T09:20:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Brahman cattle. Image credit agcanada.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Commercial ranching

  • This is the large scale rearing of livestock mainly to produce meat for sale.
  • In Zimbabwe however, the ranching has of late been diversified with the farmers not just keeping cattle and sheep but also wildlife […]
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