ZIMSEC Principles of Accounting Notes

  1. Basic Terms
  2. Users of Accounting Information
  3. Types of Business Organisations
  4. Importance of Accounting

  1. The Accounting Cycle

  1. Introduction to Data Processing
  2. Manual Processing
  3. Electronic Processing

  1. What are source documents: an introduction?
  2. Invoice
  3. Credit and Debit Notes
  4. Cheques
  5. Receipts
  6. Statements of account
  7. Bank Statement
  8. Vouchers

  1. Books of Original Entry
    1. The principle of Double Entry
      1. Double Entry Exercise and Solution
  2. The Journal/General Journal/ Journal Proper:
    1. Example of entries in a General Journal
    2. Transferring accounts to new books
      1. Solution to opening new books question
  3. Purchases Journal and the Purchases Ledger
    1. Example
  4. Sales Journal and the Sales Ledger
    1. Example
  5. The Sales Returns/Returns Inwards and Purchases Returns/Returns Outwards Day Books
    1. The Sales Return/Returns Inwards Day Book Example
    2. The Purchases Returns/Returns Outwards Day Book Example
  6. Cash Book
    1. Entries to record Cash Deposited into the Bank
    2. Entries in the Cash Book
  7. Three Column Cash Book
    1. Discount Allowed Introduction
    2. Discount Allowed Simple Entries
    3. Discount Received Introduction
    4. Discount Received Simple Entries
    5. Discount Allowed and Discount Received Worked Example
  8. Petty Cash Book: Introduction
    1. The Imprest System
    2. The Analytical Petty Cash Book
  9. Trade Discount

  1.  Introduction
    1. Entries into the Cash Book
    2. Discount Received and Discount Allowed
      1. Discount Allowed and Discount Received entries
  2. Bank Overdraft
    1. Bank Overdraft example

  1. Sales Ledger
    1. Entries into the Sales Ledger
  2. Purchases Ledger
    1. Entries into the Purchases Ledger
  3. General Ledger
  4. Balancing of accounts
    1. Balancing off the Accounts Example

  1. Introduction to the trial balance
  2. Preparing a Trial Balance
  3. Determining whether an account has a debit or credit balance
  4. Trial Balance and Errors
  5. Errors that are not revealed by a Trial Balance
  6. Correcting Errors
    1. Correcting errors example
  7. The Suspense Account
  8. Correcting errors using the suspense account
    1. An example of how to correct errors in a suspense account
  9. The effects of errors on profit

  1. An introduction to Accounting concepts:
    1. Money measurement concept and Historical cost concept
    2. The Going concern concept and consistency concept
    3. The Accruals concept and the Materiality concept
    4. The Prudence concept and the Business entity concept

 

  1. Introduction to the Trading and Profit and Loss Account
  2. Uses and the importance of the Trading and Profit and Loss Account
  3. Trading and Profit and Loss Account without adjustments:
    1.  Terms used in the Trading and Profit and Loss Account
    2. Trading and Profit and Loss Account and Capital Accounts
    3. The format of a Simple Trading and Profit and Loss Account
    4.  Simple Trading and Profit and Loss Account Example and Solution
    5. Trading and Profit and Loss Account Example 2
  4. The Balance Sheet:
    1. The format of a Balance Sheet/Statement of Financial Position
    2. The contents of a Balance Sheet/Statement of Financial Position
    3. Simple Balance Sheet Example
    4. Simple Balance Sheet Example 2
  5. Trading and profit and loss accounts and balance sheets: Other items
    1.  Example Question for Other items
    2. Solution:Trading and Profit and Loss Account
    3.  Solution: Balance Sheet

  1. Prepayments and Accruals
    1. Prepaid expenses and Prepaid income
    2. Accrued income and Accrued expenses
    3. Both prepaid and accrued income and expenses
  2. Depreciation Introduction
    1. Causes of depreciation
    2. Calculating/Estimating depreciation:
      1. Straight Line method
      2. Reducing Balance method
      3. Revaluation method
    3. Double entry for depreciation
      1. Example double entry for depreciation
    4. Disposal of Fixed Assets
      1. Disposal of Fixed Assets Example
  3. Introduction to Bad Debts:
    1. Introduction to Provision for Bad Doubtful Debts
    2. Bad Debts and Provision for Doubtful Debts Example
    3. Bad Debts Recovered

  1. Capital and Revenue Expenditure
  2. Accounting for Capital and Revenue Expenditure
  3. Effects of improper classification of capital and revenue expenditure

  1. Introduction to Control Accounts
  2. Purchases Control Accounts
    1. Purchases Ledger Control Account Example
  3. Sales Control Accounts
    1. Sales Ledger Control Account Example

  1. Introduction to Bank Reconciliation Statements
    1. Preparation of bank reconciliation statement
      1. Bank Reconciliation Statement Example
    2. Bank reconciliation statement and bank overdraft
      1. Bank reconciliation statement overdraft example
  2. Accounting Ratios:
    1. Profitability Ratios
    2. Liquidity Ratios:
      1. Current Asset Ratio
      2. Acid Test Ratio/ Quick Acid Test Ratio
      3. Rate of Stock Turn

      1. Introduction
      2. Statement of Affairs
        1. Statement of Affairs Example
      3. Missing figures
      4. Incomplete and Single entry Example 1
        1. Solution to Example 1
      5. Incomplete and Single entry Example 2
        1. Income Statement Solution
        2. Statement of Financial Position

    1. Introduction to Accounting for Non-Profit Entities
    2. Accounting for non-profits Example:
      1. Income and Expenditure Account
      2. Statement of Financial Position

  1. Introduction to Departmental Accounting
  2. Departmental Accounting Example

  1. Introduction to Manufacturing Accounts
  2. The structure of Manufacturing Accounts
  3. Example question Manufacturing Accounts
  4. Solution to Example Question

  1.  Introduction to Accounting for Partnerships:
    1. Partnership business, Partnership Deed, Advantages and Disadvantages
    2. Basic Guidelines when answering Partnership Accounting Questions
    3. Capital and Current Accounts:
      1. Capital and Current Accounts Example
      2. Solution to Capital and Current Accounts
    4. The Appropriation Account:
      1. Appropriation Account Example
      2. Solution to Appropriation Account Example
    5. Final Accounts for Partnership Example:
      1. Income Statement and Appropriation Account
      2. The Statement of Financial position
  2. The Concept of Goodwill:
    1. Goodwill in Partnerships
    2. Entries when profit and sharing ratio changes:
      1. Changes in profit sharing ratio example
    3. Entries upon the admission of a new partner:
      1. Example entries upon admission of a new partner
    4. Entries upon the death/retirement of a partner:
      1. Death/Retirement entries example
  3. Revaluation of Assets:
    1. Example revaluation of Assets
  4. Partnership Dissolution:
    1. Partnership Dissolution Entries
    2. Partnership Dissolution Example question
    3. Solution to Partnership Dissolution Example Question

  1. Introduction
  2. Basic Terms
  3. Introduction to Shares
  4. Differences between Ordinary and Preference Shares
  5. Introduction to Debentures
  6. Differences between shares and debentures
  7. The structure of a company’s Income Statement
  8. Extracts of a Statement of Financial Position for companies
  9. Statements of Changes in Equity

  1. Introduction to ethics and basic terms