February 2025

Employment contract

By |2025-02-12T09:22:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: Employment contract

  • A contract is a voluntary, deliberate, and legally binding agreement between two or more competent parties
  • An employment contract is such a contract between an employer and employee
  • When there is a successful candidate is selected he or she is offered a contract of employment

    • […]

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Market segmentation

By |2025-02-12T09:41:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Market segmentation

  • this is the process of dividing/dis-aggregating the market into discrete/distinct groups(segments) of customers based on a variety of criteria
  • Here the word market refers to the total sum of all of a firm’s customers/consumers
  • The words customer and consumer after often used interchangeably in business
  • Consumer- is the end user […]
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Advantages and disadvantages of cost based pricing methods

By |2025-02-12T09:15:27+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Advantages and disadvantages of cost based pricing methods

  • Cost based pricing models have some benefits and drawbacks

Advantages

  • It is easy to understand and calculate the price
  • These pricing models make sure that incurred costs are covered
  • They can be helpful and do simplify investment appraisal decisions for example using required rate of […]
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Cash flow introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:36:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Cash Flow Introduction

  • Cash flow is defined as the movement of cash into and out of the business
  • Cash flowing into the business is called cash inflow
  • Conversely cash flowing out is called cash out flow
  • In accounting terms cash flow is viewed as the difference between the amount […]
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Business Studies: Break even analysis using calculations example

By |2025-02-12T09:23:32+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Break even analysis using calculations example

  • In this topic we will make Break Even related calculations using formula
  • This approach can be used in conjunction or instead of the graphical method
  • To aid the discussion we will use the example below from a past examination paper:

Shona runs a […]

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Principles of Accounting: Source Documents: Vouchers

By |2025-02-12T09:02:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Source Documents: Vouchers

  • A voucher is a written instrument that serves to confirm or witness (vouch) for some fact such as a transaction
  • Vouchers that can be defined as an instrument of a redeemable transaction type
  • which is worth a certain monetary value
  • and which may be spent only for specific reasons or […]
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Principles of Accounting: General Ledger

By |2025-02-12T09:36:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: General Ledger

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Principles of Accounting: Introduction to Prepayments and Accruals

By |2025-02-12T09:25:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Introduction to Prepayments and Accruals

  • It has been stated in another topic that financial statements are prepared using the matching concept
  • The concept states that when calculating profit:
  • Revenue must be matched with expenditure incurred in generating that revenue
  • In a simple and very small business most if not all transactions are […]
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Principles of Accounting: Introduction to Provision for Doubtful Debts

By |2025-02-12T09:08:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Introduction to Provision for Doubtful Debts

  • As we have pointed out in our examination of bad debts the story does not end there
  • In our discussion of bad debts we stated that bad debts are only written of in the period in which they occur
  • Sometimes this happens many periods after […]
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Principles of Accounting: Introduction to Accounting ratios

By |2025-02-12T09:24:34+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Introduction to Accounting Ratios

Introduction to ratios in Accounting

  • Often in business numbers given in isolation are difficult to interpret
  • For example Business A makes a profit of $10 000 while Business B makes a profit of $10 million
  • It would be difficult to know which business better between the two
  • Those new […]
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