February 2025

Introduction to Debentures

By |2025-02-12T09:23:27+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

A debenture certificate. Image credit scripophily.net A debenture certificate. Image credit scripophily.net ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Introduction to Debentures

  • These are loan stocks that are issued to the company.
  • A debenture is simply a document or certificates that acknowledges said loan.
  • Debentures are creditors to the […]
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Principles of Accounting: Three Column Cash Book

By |2025-02-12T09:04:01+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Source Documents: Three Column Cash Book

  • Most businesses offer credit sales in order to increase sales
  • This creates the debtors accounts which are recorded in the ledger and appear in the Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet)
  • Cash and by extension working capital is the life blood of the business
  • To prevent […]
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Principles of Accounting: Balancing off the accounts

By |2025-02-12T09:38:01+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Balancing off the accounts

  • Thus far we have only looked at how to record various transactions including:
    1. Purchases
    2. Sales
    3. Returns Outwards and Returns Inwards
    4. Other transactions such as those found in the General Ledger
  • You might have noticed an entry that is listed as “Balance c/d” or “Balance b/d” in […]
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Principles of Accounting: Prepayments and the Financial statements

By |2025-02-12T09:26:22+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Prepayments and the Financial statements

  • A prepayment is when an amount is paid before it is due
  • In accounting there are two types of prepayments:
  • Prepaid expenses and
  • Prepaid income

Prepaid expenses

  • This is when the business prepays an expense
  • Examples are:
    • When a business pays rent payable in advance or
    • When it […]
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Principles of Accounting: Bad Debts and Provision for Doubtful Debts Example

By |2025-02-12T09:09:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Bad Debts and Provision for Doubtful Debts Example

A business, which started trading on 1 January 20X7, adjusted its doubtful debt provision at the end of each year on a […]

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Principles of Accounting: Current Asset Ratio

By |2025-02-12T09:34:59+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounting: Introduction to Liquidity Ratios: Current Asset Ratio

  • As pointed out in the introduction
  • One of the liquidity ratios that you need to be familiar with is the Current Asset Ratio
  • Like all liquidity ratios it measures how well a business will be able to settle its short term obligations as and when […]
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Principles of Accounting: Introduction to Departmental Accounts

By |2025-02-12T09:30:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounting: Introduction to Departmental Accounts

  • It is customary to split a large business into various departments
  • For example large retail shops like Pick n’ Pay and OK
  • A shop might have:
    • A furniture department e.g. kitchen tables and chairs
    • Home electrical e.g. irons and fridges
    • Refrigerated foods
    • Fruit and Veggies
    • Liquor
    • Cleaning
    • Foodstuffs etc

    • […]

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