January 2023

Molecules

By |2022-09-15T12:40:17+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Molecules of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and water Molecules of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and water ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Molecules

  • A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound formed when atoms of elements combines
  • The atoms combine together by forming bonds
  • When these bonds are formed there are energy changes
  • Typically heat energy […]
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Experiment: The reaction of metals with dilute Hydrochloric acid

By |2022-09-15T12:39:37+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Copper does not react with hydrochloric acid. Image credit fphoto.com Copper does not react with hydrochloric acid. Image credit fphoto.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:  Experiment: The reaction of metals with dilute Hydrochloric acid

Aim: To examine the reactivity of metals with dilute hydrochloric acid

Materials: 5 test tubes, dilute hydrochloric acid, magnesium, zinc, […]

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Experiment: Investigating the neutralisation process

By |2022-09-15T12:39:28+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Investigating the neutralisation process

Aim: To find out what happens to the pH of an acid when a base is added

Materials: vinegar, plastic beaker, measuring cylinder, stirring rod, spatula/plastic teaspoon, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), universal indicator paper

Method

  1. Place about 10 cm3 of vinegar in a beaker
  2. Dilute it with an equal volume of water
  3. Remove […]
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Purification of copper using electrolysis

By |2022-09-15T12:39:19+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Electrolysis of copper. Image credit 180daysofteaching.wordpress.com Electrolysis of copper. Image credit 180daysofteaching.wordpress.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:Purification of copper using electrolysis

  • The impure copper (blister copper) yielded from the converter
  • Is then molded into thick sheets
  • These sheets become positive plates i.e.
  • they are connected on the positive side […]
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Experiment making ethanol

By |2022-09-15T12:38:57+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fermentation of glucose Fermentation of glucose ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: making ethanol

Aim: To make ethanol by fermenting glucose

Materials: conical flask/plastic bottle, cork, glass/rubber tube,lime water, 5% glucose solution, yeast, mealie meal

Method

  1. Add about 50cm3 of the 5% glucose solution into the flask
  2. Add a spatula of yeast/mix mealie meal with water […]
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Lightning and safety

By |2022-09-15T12:38:48+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Lightning conductors in action. Image credit ask.com Lightning conductors in action. Image credit ask.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Lightning and safety

  • Lightning has very high voltages
  • It can electrocute, maim or kill a person if they are struck
  • Several precautions can be taken to prevent this from happening:
  • People […]
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Experiment: Connecting solar cells to make panel

By |2022-09-15T12:38:40+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Panels are made from linked solar cells. Image credit thinksolar-us.com Panels are made from linked solar cells. Image credit thinksolar-us.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Connecting solar cells to make panel

Aim:  Connecting solar cells to make a solar panel

Materials: 3 or more solar cells, connecting leads, a voltmeter and an […]

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Experiment:Making a model electric motor

By |2022-09-15T12:38:32+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

An electric motor. Image credit jeffryerickson.com An electric motor. Image credit jeffryerickson.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment:Making a model electric motor

Aim:  To make a model electric motor

Materials: copper wires, switch, coil (made from varnished copper), magnet, paper clips, rechargeable battery

Method

  1. Set up the coil and magnet as shown in the […]
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